Study of income and food consumption expenditure households of wet-rice farmers in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Sri Ulfa Sentosa — 2025-08-06

This study aims to analyze socio-economic factors affecting the per capita income of households of wet-rice farmers, socio-economic factors affecting food consumption expenditure of these households, and to calculate income elasticity. The study employs a quantitative design, utilizing a multistage sampling method to determine the sample. The total sample size consisted of 349 farmer households. Data were analyzed using Two-Stage Least Squares regression. Based on the analysis, the following findings were obtained: 1) Variables such as food consumption expenditure, technical efficiency, off-farm work, diversification in agriculture, land tenure status, access to credit, and education have a positive and significant influence on the per capita income of farm households. 2) Variables including per capita income, access to credit, age, location, marital status, and education have a positive and significant influence on the per capita food consumption expenditure of farmer households. 3) Income elasticity for all quantiles has a value of E<1, indicating the applicability of Engel's law. This study provides comprehensive insights into the economic behavior of paddy field farming households by examining both the determinants of household income and food consumption expenditure. It also discusses policy implications for food availability, food consumption quality, food diversity, and poverty alleviation policies.

Climate change-induced conflicts in rural Nigeria: Experience from herder-arable crop farmers in selected rural communities of Ekiti State

Isaac Busayo Oluwatayo — 2025-08-06

The problem of climate change is multidimensional, especially in countries where the capacity to cope with shocks is limited. This is further aggravated by socioeconomic conditions, limited buffer stock and insurance, poor credit markets, and an unstable macroeconomic environment. While arable crop farmers in rural Nigeria thrive on proceeds from farming activities, the incessant herder-arable crop farmer conflict exacerbated by climate change has brought untold hardship to these farmers. The study examined determinants of herder-arable crop farmer conflicts in selected rural communities of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were collected from a random sample of 220 smallholder farmers via a multistage random sampling technique. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics and a probit regression model. A descriptive analysis of respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics revealed their average age and household size to be 56 years and 4 members, respectively. Respondents’ distribution by educational level showed that one-third of them (68.5%) had less than secondary education, with 73.2% having no access to credit. Herder-arable crop farmer conflict determinants include age, years of schooling, farming experience, credit access, planting time, extension contacts, and farm location, among others. The findings have implications for food security, employment, investment drive, rural-urban drift, and security in the study area.

Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development

Study of income and food consumption expenditure households of wet-rice farmers in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Climate change-induced conflicts in rural Nigeria: Experience from herder-arable crop farmers in selected rural communities of Ekiti State