Abstract
Malnutrition and anemia among children and pregnant women remain significant global public health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These conditions hinder physical growth and cognitive development in children and compromise maternal health, thereby reinforcing cycles of poverty, disease, and premature mortality. Addressing these issues requires effective, sustainable, and context-sensitive responses. This study aims to systematically organize and examine policies and intervention strategies designed to prevent and control anemia and malnutrition in children under five and pregnant women. A systematic review was conducted using databases such as Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Taylor & Francis, covering publications from 2000 to 2023. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and applied the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal standards. From an initial pool of 554 records, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Most of the included studies employed quantitative research designs, while fewer utilized qualitative or mixed-method approaches. Common interventions identified include iron and folic acid supplementation, deworming, food fortification, nutrition education, dietary diversification, and behavior change communication. Iron and folic acid supplementation consistently demonstrated effectiveness, especially when combined with educational components. However, several challenges persist, including low adherence to supplementation, socioeconomic and cultural barriers, limited resources, weaknesses in implementation, and regional differences in intervention effectiveness.